General Information

Product

Insulin Receptor Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified Insulin receptor alpha and beta Antibody Extreme C-epitope

Verified Applications

ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 950-1000 on human Insulin receptor, transcript variant 2 protein.

Accession #

NCBI:  NM_001079817.1

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.55-0.75 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Purification Method

Immobilized antigen affinity chromatography

Clonality

Polyclonal

Determinant

Extreme C-epitope

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunocytochemistry

1:100

Immunohistochemistry

1:100

Immunoprecipitation

1:200

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

P06213

Overview

Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosines residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2.

Molecular Function

Kinase, Receptor, Transferase, Tyrosine-protein kinase

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

Expression

Isoform Long and isoform Short are predominantly expressed in tissue targets of insulin metabolic effects: liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle but are also expressed in the peripheral nerve, kidney, pulmonary alveoli, pancreatic acini, placenta vascular endothelium, fibroblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and skin. Isoform Short is preferentially expressed in fetal cells such as fetal fibroblasts, muscle, liver and kidney. Found as a hybrid receptor with IGF1R in muscle, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatoma, fibroblasts, spleen and placenta (at protein level). Overexpressed in several tumors, including breast, colon, lung, ovary, and thyroid carcinomas.

Structure

Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains linked by disulfide bonds.

Alternative Nomenclature

CD220 antibody

HHF5 antibody

HIR A antibody

INSR alpha antibody

Insulin receptor antibody

Insulin receptor subunit alpha antibody

IR antibody

HHF5 antibody

human insulin receptor antibody

Insulin receptor subunit beta antibody

IR 1 antibody

General Information

Product

Insulin Receptor beta Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 725-775 on human Insulin receptor beta subunit protein.

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.55-0.75 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:200

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

P06213

Overview

Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosines residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. PubMed:12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, PubMed:16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin.

Molecular Function

Kinase, Receptor, Transferase, Tyrosine-protein kinase

Subcellular Location

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein

Expression

Isoform Long and isoform Short are predominantly expressed in tissue targets of insulin metabolic effects: liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle but are also expressed in the peripheral nerve, kidney, pulmonary alveoli, pancreatic acini, placenta vascular endothelium, fibroblasts, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and skin. Isoform Short is preferentially expressed in fetal cells such as fetal fibroblasts, muscle, liver and kidney. Found as a hybrid receptor with IGF1R in muscle, heart, kidney, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, hepatoma, fibroblasts, spleen and placenta (at protein level). Overexpressed in several tumors, including breast, colon, lung, ovary, and thyroid carcinomas.

Structure

Tetramer of 2 alpha and 2 beta chains linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains carry the insulin-binding regions, while the beta chains carry the kinase domain. Forms a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, the hybrid is a tetramer consisting of 1 alpha chain and 1 beta chain of INSR and 1 alpha chain and 1 beta chain of IGF1R. Interacts with SORBS1 but dissociates from it following insulin stimulation. Binds SH2B2. Activated form of INSR interacts (via Tyr-999) with the PTB/PID domains of IRS1 and SHC1. The sequences surrounding the phosphorylated NPXY motif contribute differentially to either IRS1 or SHC1 recognition. Interacts (via tyrosines in the C-terminus) with IRS2 (via PTB domain and 591-786 AA); the 591-786 would be the primary anchor of IRS2 to INSR while the PTB domain would have a stabilizing action on the interaction with INSR. Interacts with the SH2 domains of the 85 kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1) in vitro, when autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Interacts with SOCS7. Interacts (via the phosphorylated Tyr-999), with SOCS3. Interacts (via the phosphorylated Tyr-1185, Tyr-1189, Tyr-1190) with SOCS1. Interacts with CAV2 (tyrosine-phosphorylated form); the interaction is increased with 'Tyr-27'phosphorylation of CAV2 (By similarity). Interacts with ARRB2 (By similarity). Interacts with GRB10; this interaction blocks the association between IRS1/IRS2 and INSR, significantly reduces insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS1 and IRS2 and thus decreases insulin signaling. Interacts with GRB7. Interacts with PDPK1. Interacts (via Tyr-1190) with GRB14 (via BPS domain); this interaction protects the tyrosines in the activation loop from dephosphorylation, but promotes dephosphorylation of Tyr-999, this results in decreased interaction with, and phosphorylation of, IRS1. Interacts (via subunit alpha) with ENPP1 (via 485-599 AA); this interaction blocks autophosphorylation. Interacts with PTPRE; this interaction is dependent of Tyr-1185, Tyr-1189 and Tyr-1190 of the INSR. Interacts with STAT5B (via SH2 domain). Interacts with PTPRF. Interacts with ATIC; ATIC together with PRKAA2/AMPK2 and HACD3/PTPLAD1 is proposed to be part of a signaling netwok regulating INSR autophosphorylation and endocytosis (By similarity).

Alternative Nomenclature

CD 220 antibody

CD220 antigen antibody

HHF5 antibody

HIR B antibody

INSR antibody

Insulin receptor antibody

Insulin receptor subunit beta antibody

IR antibody

General Information

Product

MAPK3 Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IP, WB

Host

Chicken

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 300-350 on human Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3.

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.5 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgY

Form

Affinity Purified

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:150

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

P27361

Overview

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors.

Molecular Function

Kinase, Serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transferase

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Nucleus

Structure

The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.

Alternative Nomenclature

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Antibody MAP kinase 3 Antibody

MAPK 3 Antibody

ERT2 Antibody

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 Antibody ERK-1 Antibody

Insulin-stimulated MAP2 kinase Antibody

MAP kinase isoform p44 Antibody p44-MAPK Antibody Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase Antibody

p44-ERK1 Antibody

MAPK3 Antibody

ERK1 Antibody

PRKM3 Antibody

General Information

Product

MAPK7 Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 700-750 on human Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7.

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.5 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:150

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

Q13164

Overview

Plays a role in various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. The upstream activator of MAPK7 is the MAPK kinase MAP2K5. Upon activation, it translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates various downstream targets including MEF2C. EGF activates MAPK7 through a Ras-independent and MAP2K5-dependent pathway. May have a role in muscle cell differentiation. May be important for endothelial function and maintenance of blood vessel integrity. MAP2K5 and MAPK7 interact specifically with one another and not with MEK1/ERK1 or MEK2/ERK2 pathways. Phosphorylates SGK1 at Ser-78 and this is required for growth factor-induced cell cycle progression. Involved in the regulation of p53/TP53 by disrupting the PML-MDM2 interaction.

Molecular Function

Kinase, Serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transferase

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, PML body

Expression

Expressed in many adult tissues. Abundant in heart, placenta, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle. Not detectable in liver.

Structure

The second proline-rich region may interact with actin targeting the kinase to a specific location in the cell.

The TXY motif contains the threonine and tyrosine residues whose phosphorylation activates the MAP kinases.

Alternative Nomenclature

Big MAP kinase 1 antibody
BMK 1 kinase antibody
ERK 5 antibody
Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 antibody
MAP kinase 7 antibody
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 antibody
PRKM 7 antibody
PROTEIN KINASE, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED, 7 antibody

General Information

Product

ATG16L1 Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified Autophagy-related protein 16-1 Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Mouse, Rat

Predicted: Human

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 560-610 on human Autophagy-related protein 16-1.

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.5 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Purification Method

Immobilized antigen affinity chromatography

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:150

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

Q676U5

Overview

Plays an essential role in autophagy: interacts with ATG12-ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane.

Molecular Function

Identical protein binding, Ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasm, Preautophagosomal structure membrane, Peripheral membrane protein

Structure

Homooligomer. Interacts with WIPI2, FIP200 and ATG5. Part of either the minor and major complexes respectively composed of 4 sets of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L1 (400 kDa) or 8 sets of ATG12-ATG5 and ATG16L1 (800 kDa). Interacts with RAB33B. Interacts with TMEM

Alternative Nomenclature

APG16 like 1 antibody

APG16L antibody

APG16L beta antibody

ATG16 autophagy related 16 like 1 antibody

ATG16A antibody

ATG16L antibody

Autophagy related protein 16 1 antibody

IBD10 antibody

WD repeat domain 30 antibody

WDR30 antibody

General Information

Product

Calcyon Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified Neuron-specific vesicular protein Calcyon Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Mouse, Rat

Predicted: Human

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 1-50 on rat Calcyon protein.

Accession #

NCBI:  NP_620270

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.55-0.75 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Purification Method

Immobilized antigen affinity chromatography

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:10,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:200

Western Blot

1:500

Protein

Uniprot #

P58821

Overview

Interacts with clathrin light chain A and stimulates clathrin self-assembly and clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Molecular Function

Clathrin light chain binding, dopamine receptor binding, protein complex binding

Subcellular Location

Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane, cell membrane, Single-pass membrane protein

Alternative Nomenclature

CALCYON antibody,

Caly antibody,

CALY_HUMAN antibody,

D1 dopamine receptor interacting protein antibody,

Drd1ip antibody,

Neuron specific vesicular protein calcyon antibody,

NSG3 antibody

General Information

Product

14-3-3 sigma Antibody

Description

Affinity Purified 14-3-3 protein sigma / STRATIFIN / SFN Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 150-220 on human 14-3-3 protein sigma / STRATIFIN / SFN protein.

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.5-1.5 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Purification Method

Immobilized antigen affinity chromatography

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:50,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:200

Western Blot

1:2,500-1:5,000

Protein

Uniprot #

P31947

Overview

Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. When bound to KRT17, regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. May also regulate MDM2 autoubiquitination and degradation and thereby activate p53/TP53.1 Publication

p53-regulated inhibitor of G2/M progression.

Molecular Function

cadherin binding

identical protein binding

phosphoprotein binding

protein domain specific binding

protein kinase binding

protein kinase C inhibitor activity

Subcellular Location

Nucleus, secreted

Expression

Present mainly in tissues enriched in stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium.

Structure

Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.

Alternative Nomenclature

14 3 3 protein sigma antibody

1433S_HUMAN antibody

Epithelial cell marker protein 1 antibody

Er antibody

HME 1 antibody

Mkrn3 antibody

Mme1 antibody

RP23 137L22.11 antibody

SFN antibody

SFN protein antibody

Stratifin antibody

YWHAS antibody

General Information

Product

CHMP2B Antibody

Verified Applications

ELISA, IP, WB

Host

Rabbit

Species Cross Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 200-250 on human Vacuolar-sorting Protein SNF8 protein.

Accession #

NCBI:  NP_009172

Physical Properties

Quantity

100 µg

Volume

200 µl

Concentration

0.5-1.5 µg/µl in antibody stabilization buffer

Immunoglobulin

IgG

Form

Affinity Purified

Purification Method

Immobilized antigen affinity chromatography

Clonality

Polyclonal

Storage

-20⁰C for long term storage

Application Protocol

ELISA

1:50,000

Immunoprecipitation

1:200

Western Blot

1:2,500-1:5,000

Protein

Uniprot #

Q96H20

Overview

Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex. The ESCRT-II complex may also play a role in transcription regulation by participating in derepression of transcription by RNA polymerase II, possibly via its interaction with ELL. Required for degradation of both endocytosed EGF and EGFR, but not for the EGFR ligand-mediated internalization. It is also required for the degradation of CXCR4. Required for the exosomal release of SDCBP, CD63 and syndecan (PubMed:22660413).

Molecular Function

channel regulator activity

protein C-terminus binding

protein homodimerization activity

protein N-terminus binding

transcription factor binding

Subcellular Location

Endosome membrane

Late endosome membrane

Expression

Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), composed of SNF8, VPS25 and VPS36. SNF8 is essential for the stability of the ESCRT-II complex. ESCRT-II interacts with ELL. Interacts with TSG101 (via the C-terminal domain). Interacts with RILPL1 (via the N-terminal domain); which recruits ESCRT-II to the endosome membranes. Interacts with 14-3-3 proteins.

Structure

Belongs to the SNF8 family.

Alternative Nomenclature

ALS17 antibody

Charged multivesicular body protein 2b antibody

CHM2B_HUMAN antibody

CHMP family, member 2B antibody

CHMP2.5 antibody

CHMP2b antibody

Chromatin modifying protein 2b antibody

DMT1 antibody

hVps2-2 antibody

Vacuolar protein sorting 2, yeast, homolog of, B antibody

Vacuolar protein sorting 2-2 antibody

Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 2-2 antibody

VPS2 homolog B antibody

Vps2-2 antibody

VPS2B antibody